Category: Occupations

Connecting With Industrial-Era Ancestors

7/23/2017

I haven't written too much about my own personal family history on this blog; I usually save those posts for my other blog, The Spiraling Chains. If you've ever happened upon that blog of mine, you know that my family history here in America began fairly recently. All of my great-grandparents immigrated to America between 1890 and 1920, coming from poor backgrounds in various parts of Europe to work urban foundry and steel mill jobs in the booming urban industrial atmosphere of the Great Lakes during that time period.

When it comes to teaching my kids about what life what like for my great-grandparents and their children in this urban industrial environment, I struggle. I struggle finding age-appropriate educational resources to help them understand this part of American history. There simply aren't that many children's books about average people during this time in American history. Why? Well, there isn't a whole lot of American nostalgia associated with dirty factories and the pollution that came with them. The people who worked these factories, steel mills, mines, and foundries were poor and uneducated, and, unfortunately, a lot of personal tragedy followed these families. Some were immigrants and some were African-Americans who came northwards during The Great Migration. They were all looking for unskilled labor jobs, and, although their manpower was needed, they were usually socially unwanted by the established neighborhoods and populations of the towns and cities to which they were moving.

It's called the Rust Belt for a reason. The neighborhoods in which these people lived and worked do not exist any longer - and that is often a literal statement - many homes, storefronts, and factories have been demolished, and those that haven't are often boarded up, no longer offering any clues to their former purpose or resemblance. And historical societies in most places aren't interested in restoring the small, utilitarian former homes and businesses of turn-of-the-century working-class families.

But, despite all of this, I have found a few resources and ways that I can use to help my children learn more about the lives of their industrial ancestors, and I will share some of them below:

Fiction Books:
No Star Nights by Anna Egan Smucker & Steve Johnson
(Told from the perspective of a girl growing up in a steel mill town in West Virginia during the 1940s and 50s, this book is the BEST storybook for helping kids understand what everyday life was like for working-class families whose livelihoods depended on coal and industry.)

Brave Girl: Clara and the Shirtwaist Makers' Strike of 1909 by Michelle Markel & Melissa Sweet
Counting on Grace by Elizabeth Winthrop (children's novel)
Bread and Roses, Too by Katherine Paterson (children's novel)
Factory Girl by Barbara Greenwood
Shovelful of Sunshine by Stacie Vaughn Hutton and Cheryl Harness
In Coal Country by Judith Hendershot and Thomas B. Allen
Finder, Coal Mine Dog (Dog Chronicles) by Alison Hart and Michael G. Montgomery

Non-Fiction Books:
Growing Up in Coal Country by Susan Campbell Bartoletti
Kids on Strike by Susan Campbell Bartoletti
Kids at Work: Lewis Hine and the Crusade Against Child Labor by Russell Freedman
Immigrant Kids by Russell Freedman
Working Children by Carol Saller
The Great Migration: An American Story by Jacob Lawrence

Historical Sites & Museums:
Lower East Side Tenement Museum in New York City, New York
Rivers of Steel National Heritage Area in Homestead, Pennsylvania
The National Iron & Steel Heritage Museum in Coatesville, Pennsylvania
Kentucky Coal Mining Museum in Benham, Kentucky
Youngstown Historical Center of Industry & Labor in Youngstown, Ohio
Steel Plant Museum of Western New York in Buffalo, New York
Michigan Iron Industry Museum in Negaunee, Michigan
Coppertown USA Mining Museum in Calumet, Michigan
The Sterling Hill Mining Museum in Ogdensburg, New Jersey
The Museum of Science & Industry: Coal Mine in Chicago, Illinois
The Baltimore Museum of Industry in Baltimore, Maryland
National Museum of Industrial History in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Some local historical societies and universities also have resources (books, photos, maps) that can help you learn more about the daily lives of your industrial-era ancestors, and the good news is that more and more of these institutions are digitizing their collections for online access. Once I discovered where my great-grandfather worked, I did my own research, using information gathered online from Google Books and local history websites. Several years ago, I published this blog post about what I learned, and now my 9-year-old son can read the post and learn more about what his great-great-grandfather did for a living.

Kids always connect better with visual images of the past, but finding photos of old homes, churches, and neighborhoods that are no longer around can be difficult. A simple Google image search may yield some surprising results, not only from collections of libraries, historical societies, and universities, but also from private collections that another person may have posted on a personal website or blog. In some locations, properties were photographed for tax purposes, so check with local town and county archives to see if that might be part of their collection; I obtained this photograph (on the left) of my great-grandfather's hardware store from old tax records held at the county archives. The photo on the right is what the property looks like today.

YouTube: There are so many great educational films and old news reels about the early 20th century steel and mining industries. Here is one produced during WWII that is informative, but short enough for kids' limited attention spans:

Lesson Plans & Teacher Guides:
The Industrial Age in America: Sweatshops, Steel Mills, and Factories from the National Endowment for the Humanities (Grades 6-8)
Teacher Guide: The Industrial Revolution in the United States from the Library of Congress
Industrial Revolution from Middle Tennessee State University (High School)
Photographs of Lewis Hine -- Documentation of Child Labor from the National Archives

I hope this (small) collection of ideas and resources helps you teach your children a little more about their late 19th and early 20th century industrial ancestors. Thanks for reading!

©2017 Emily Kowalski Schroeder.

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Occupations of the Past Cards

9/4/2016

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Occupations of the Past FREE Printable Cards from GrowingLittleLeaves.com

Have you ever seen an ancestor's occupation in a census schedule or newspaper article and ended up perplexed? I have, and it meant doing some research to figure out just exactly what that person did for a living. There are many occupations that simply do not exist anymore, or, if they do, they are vastly different from how our ancestor's worked at those jobs a hundred or two hundred years ago.

I created a series of forty Occupations of the Past cards that are FREE for anyone to download. There are a number of ways in which you can use these cards with children to teach them a little bit about some of the occupations of the past. Here are some suggestions, but I'm sure you could think of more:

1.) Print out two sets of the cards and create a memory matching game. (This would require printing the cards out on a heavier cardstock or gluing the cards to a heavier paper backing so that the designs and words do not show through to the other side.)
2.) Hang the cards on a bulletin board or posterboard for display.
3.) Create a roleplay game in which a child chooses a card and must act out that occupation.
4.) For older children: Have the child pick a card, and then use Google to discover more about that occupation.

You could also create more of these cards that are more specific to the occupations represented in your own family tree. All of the images I used are from the public domain, from resources such as OpenClipArt.org and Wikimedia Commons, but if you have a photo of ancestor on the job, that would be a great addition to this collection.

The BEST resource I have found for defining old occupations is The Dictionary of Old Occupations, which can be purchased as a traditional book or ebook, or you may it view online at Family Researcher.co.uk. (NOT affiliate links.)

The following websites also maintain good information about Colonial American trades and occupations, so if you are interested in that time period, I highly recommend that you check them out.

Colonial Williamsburg
Mount Vernon
Land of the Brave

The card file is in PDF format, and is TEN pages long. You can download the file by clicking on the image below:

FREE Occupations of the Past Cards from GrowingLittleLeaves.com

Add to Flipboard Magazine.

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Drawing Ancestor Jobs

9/6/2015

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On September 7, the United States and Canada celebrate Labo(u)r Day. It's a great time to use this day off of work and school to talk with kids about their ancestors' occupations. Of course, there are many jobs of the past that do not even exist these days (or some that are not much in the public eye), so talking about some of these jobs with kids can be educational in and of itself.

I created a very simple worksheet to make the conversation more hands-on for children. There is a place to write the ancestor's name and occupation, and then a larger area in which the child can draw a picture of that ancestor doing their job. (Click on the image below to download the PDF.)

Ancestor Jobs FREE Worksheet by GrowingLittleLeaves.com

Ancestor Jobs Worksheet

My second grader loves to draw, so he was eager to do this. First, I showed him a snippet from the 1860 U.S. Census. I told him who this was in terms he could understand - 'Great-Grandma's Great-Grandpa' - and showed him the column that listed each person's occupation.

1860 U.S. Census for John M. Drees

I asked him if he knew what a Blacksmith did. He said, "A guy who makes swords and armor." (Apparently, there are medieval-type blacksmiths in the Minecraft video game, which is where he got this knowledge.) I told him that at the time and place during which this particular ancestor lived, blacksmiths made things like horseshoes, farming tools, and building supplies like nails or bolts.

We sat down and used our iPad to search for images of the tools Blacksmiths used in their work. For example, he did not know what an anvil was or what it looked like, so that's one of the things we looked up.

Ancestor Jobs with FREE Worksheet by GrowingLittleLeaves.com

We Googled images of Blacksmith tools.

Here is his completed worksheet. He still drew the blacksmith making a sword. :-)

Ancestor Jobs Worksheet

This is another one of those activities you could complete for many ancestors, and then compile the worksheets into a folder or binder to have a nice ancestor record set to look at again and again. And I think the kids would have fun going back through their drawings and would hopefully feel some pride in their work.

May you and your family have a wonderful, relaxing Labo(u)r Day!

©2015 Emily Kowalski Schroeder